"THE LEAVES OF LAJWANTI* wither with the touch of human hands."
-A Punjabi Folk Song.
Outline:
“Lājwantī” by Rajinder Singh Bedi explores the plight of abducted women during the violence and upheaval of the Subcontinent’s partition in 1947. Sundarlal, an abusive husband whose own wife went missing during the conflict, actively campaigns for the repatriation of abducted women but is taken aback by the unsettling emotional transformations that attend the acceptance of his own wife back into his home. Bedi raises the problem of silence—the inability of survivors and perpetrators of violence to talk about what happened—which is a common theme in partition literature. One issue astutely raised by students in this course was that Bedi’s choice of narrational mode serves utterly to silence the main female character Lājwantī herself. In any event, the stark emotional landscape of partition violence is chillingly captured in this remarkable short story by a leading writer of the generation that lived through it.
Summary:
Rajinder Singh Bedi is considered the second best, Saadat Hasan Manto is the highest regarded, Urdu short story writer. Like Manto, his best known work centers on the immense human cost of the of the 1947 Partition of India into Pakistan and India. Much the worst of this holocaust (death tolls range from 1/2 a million on up to 2 million) was felt by the women as men of diverse groups took their revenge by raping and abducting women of other groups. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu women were abducted by Muslin and vice-versa. Many of the women killed themselves from shame.
He was educated in Urdu. In his early working career he was a postal clerk. Later on he got a job at All India Radio. It was there he began his writing career. From here he moved to script writing for Bollywood movies and then into directing. It will be for his 72 short stories that he is remembered.
"Lajawanti" is about a once happily married couple. Then in the riots that resulted in the Partition of India (the effects were at their very worse in the Punjab region where the story is set and where Bedi grew up) the wife Lajawanto was kidnapped. It is also a story about human cruelty. Not just the cruelty of the abductors but of the husbands and family of the abducted women.
As the story opens we see Lajawanti expects to be beaten. It is part of the marriage custom and it almost seems a wife regards a husband who never beats her as "unmanly". Then she is abducted and taken over the border. Years go by and her husband tries to get along with his life. In time Pakistan and India authorities begin to arrange for the swapping of abducted women. A truck load of Hindu women would be exchanged for a truck load of Muslim women. There were lots of problems and quarrels over this. Sometimes men of one side managing the exchange would complain that all they are getting back is "useless old and middle aged women". The real cruelty to the women in many cases came when they returned.
There were some people who refused to have anything to do with the abducted women who cam back "couldn't they have killed themselves? Why didn't they take poison and preserve their virtue and their honour? Why didn't they Jump into a well? They are cowards, they clung to life...."
Hundreds of thousands of women had in fact killed themselves rather than be dishonoured...how could the dead know what courage it needed to face the cold, hostile world of the living in a hard-hearted world in which husbands refused to acknowledged their wives. And some of these women would think sadly of their names and the joyful meanings they had..."suhagwanti..of marital bliss" or they would turn to a younger brother and say "Oi Bihari, my own little darling brother, when you were a baby I looked after you as if you were my own son."
Lajawanti's husband is at first overcome with joy when one day she was among the returned women. Lajawanti used to routinely beat his wife for the smallest matters. He asked if the man she spent longs months with while abducted beat her. She says no. Then the husband begins to wonder why she looks better and healthier than before she was abducted. Maybe she was happier with the other man. He promises never to beat her again and he keeps his word. He never criticizes her like he used to. They never fight over anything. At first she is very happy. Then she realizes why this has happened.
"Lajwanti" depicts a world where women have totally internalized the idea that they are little more than property. Imagine the horror of being abducted, taken to another country and being raped over and over for perhaps years. When you at last return to your home country, you are totd that your failure to kill yourself has brought great shame on your family and in many cases are driven from your old home.Many days passed in this way. Suspicion took the place of Joy: not because Sunder Lal had resumed ill-treating her but because he was treating her too well. Lajo never expected him to be so considerate. She wanted him to be the same old Sunder Lal with whom she quarrelled over a carrot and who appeased her with a radish. Now there was no chance of a quarrel. Sunder Lal made her feel like something fragile, like glass which would splinter at the slightest touch. Lajo took to gazing at herself in the mirror. Arid in the end she could no longer recognise the Lajo she had known. She had been rehabilitated but not accepted. Sunder Lal did not want eyes to see her tears nor ears to hear her wailing.
Nice essay👌👌👏👏
ReplyDelete